EPISTAXIS

Have you ever been experienced with nose bleeding? We know most of people in the life cycle ever had experienced nose bleeding or in medical term is EPISTAXIS. Epistaxis is bleeding condition in your nose who make your nose running fresh blood if bleeding overload sometimes blood to become clot and stuff of your nose. This situation is uncomfortable and very interrupt to your daily activities.

Nose bleeding can occur spontaneously when the nasal membranes dry out, crust, and crack, as is common in dry climates, or during the winter months when the air is dry and warm from household heaters. Some people who suffering nose bleeding caused by taking any medications which prevent blood clotting such as for patient who have heart problem or hypertension is more vulnerable. Common Medicine cause bleeding in a perifer are Caumadin, Warfarin, Aspirin or any anti-inflamatory medications.

Other medicines cause, nose bleeding caused by many problems as a following are:

1. Chronic Sinusitis
   
2. Epistaxis digitorum (nose picking)
   
3. Foreign Bodies
   
4. Intranasal Neoplasm or polyps
   
5. Irritants (cigarette smoke)
   
6. Rhinitis
   
7. Septal Deviation
   
8. Septal perforation
   
9. Trauma
   
10. Vascular Malformation or telangiectasia
    
11. Hemophilia
    
12. Hypertension
    
13. Lekukemia
    
14. Liver Disease (e.g, cirhrosis)
    
15. Medication (e.g, aspirin, anticoagulants)
    
16. Thrombocytopenia
    
17. Platelet dysfunction

What Will You Do If You Got Nose Bleeding?
If you got nose bleeding you have to conduct as a following:

1. Have the person with the nosebleed sit down and lean forward so the blood does not flow down the respiratory passage.
   
2. Press a tissue or cold compress against the nostrils below the bone to encourage clotting.
   
3. Have the person with the nosebleed keep his or her nostrils pinched together for 15 minutes without letting go.
   
4. Replace the tissue or compress with a new one if it becomes soaked with blood.
   
5. Leave a bowl next to the person so that he or she can spit out any blood that drips down their throat.
   
6. Remove the tissue or compress slowly. If bleeding persists, continue pinching the nose for another 5 minutes.
   
7. After bleeding stops, wash away any blood with warm water. Apply a small amount of petroleum jelly inside the nostrils to moisturize the area.
   
8. Make sure the person does not sniff or blow the nose for several hours afterward, as this could cause another nosebleed.
   
9. If the nosebleed originates in the back of the nose and does not respond to treatment, seek medical attention. This type of nosebleed, called a "posterior" nosebleed, is common in older people and potentially very serious.
   
10. Visit a doctor or an emergency room immediately if bleeding does not stop or if the patient is weak, pale or experiencing an elevated heart rate. Keep the patient leaning forward with the nose pinched on the way to the doctor's office or hospital.

Management Epistaxis

Pancreatitis

Most of people in the life time ever fell pain in stomach area even sometimes severe pain and need doctor to giving treatment for it. Some doctor may be wil give you treatment or medication related with your stomach problem. Stomach pain is not merely problem with stomach itself. Many dissease can cause pain in stomach area, some of them are Heart disease (miocardiac infarct), Appendicittis chronic, pancreatitis and some abdominal problem.

I have experience with my son, he has a long time before complaint pain in stomach area then doctor examined and suppose to do ultrasound, after coming result then doctor diagnosed that my son was getting gastritis. After taking gastric medication my son will be felling well, but after 3 month later my son complained again that he fell painfull in stomach area again following fever, nausea. His temperatue was increase till 38,8 o Celcius. I was getting worry about that.
Then my wife bring my son to see surgery doctor for examine anything worst with my son, because we are worry if my son develop appendicitis acute. Surgery doctor suppose to my wife to do ultrasound and the result is my son was diagnosted pancreatitis and doctor was gave some medication to my son till my son felling well.

yeah, this is the true condition is pain in stomach is not only error with the stomach itself, so you have to take care and more responsive about that. Pancreatitis is pancreas is infected so make pancreas getting infection. Symptom and sign that your pancreas is infected are a following below:

• swollen and tender abdomen
  
• nausea
  
• vomiting
  
• fever more than 38 o Celcius
  
• rapid pulse

Pancreatitis in Children

Actually Chronic pancreatitis is rare in children. Trauma to the pancreas and hereditary pancreatitis are two known causes of childhood pancreatitis. Children with cystic fibrosis, a progressive, disabling, and incurable lung disease, may also have pancreatitis. But more often the cause is not known.

Diagnosis

To make diagnosis may be difficult, but new techniques can help. Pancreatic function tests help a doctor decide whether the pancreas is still making enough digestive enzymes. Using ultrasonic imaging, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and CAT scans, a doctor can see problems indicating chronic pancreatitis. Such problems include calcification of the pancreas, in which tissue hardens from deposits of insoluble calcium salts. In more advanced stages of the disease, when diabetes and malabsorption occur, a doctor can use a number of blood, urine, and stool tests to help diagnose chronic pancreatitis and to monitor its progression.

Treatment

Relieving pain is the first step in treating chronic pancreatitis and may be doctor will give pancreatic enzyme to help pancreas function. The next step is to plan a diet that is high in carbohydrates and low in fat.

Source:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK.NIH)